Dark side of IV fluids? Septic patients are typically hypotensive and low blood pressure is often associated with an increased blood lactate concentration, a low urinary output, and other signs and symptoms of physiological distress. Clinicians then make an inference

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Fluid responsiveness and Functional hemodynamic monitoring What is fluid responsiveness?   When to consider fluid responsiveness: Hypovolemia is usually due to external fluid losses caused by bleeding or losses from the GI or urinary tracts, skin, or internal losses due

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Advanced hemodynamic monitors and fluid responsiveness Cardiac output is used in the ICU as a marker of oxygen delivery to tissues and to guide treatment, primarily for fluid resuscitation and the use of vasopressors, vasodilators and inotropes.   For decades,

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